专题：特朗普2.0时代 气候危机与全球应对 新浪财经ESG评级中心提供包括资讯、报告、培训、咨询等在内的14项ESG服务，助力上市公司传播ESG理念，提升ESG可持续发展表现。点击查看【ESG评级中心服务手册】 李涛/发自北京 白宫日前称，美国将再次退出气候变化《巴黎协定》。有评论认为这将为全球应对气候变化、实现绿色转型蒙上阴影。 新浪财经第一时间对话联合国前副秘书长兼环境规划署执行主任埃里克·索尔海姆（Erik Solheim）。他表示，美国再次宣布退出《巴黎协定》非常不负责任，特朗普政策的输家将是美国人民，其政策结果相当于放弃新能源市场机遇。 他还认为，中国本身在绿色发展方面飞速推进，“一带一路”等倡议，使中国在全球领导地位上处于有利位置，世界其他国家应鼓励中国加强全球领导地位并发挥更多作用。 对于ESG与SDG的未来发展，索尔海姆表示，绿色转型可能在一定阶段会受到部分减缓，但政治决策无法使其倒退。因为中国政府的政策驱动和中国企业的降本努力，已经使得太阳能(4.390, 0.02, 0.46%)、风能等新能源成为“经济上的胜利”。因此，这一方向不可逆转。 最后，他还建议特朗普总统夫妇多到中国各地走走看看，观察中国的现代化和绿色发展，以便未来更好的推动美国发展。  以下为本次对话实录（后附英文）： Q：美国再次宣布退出巴黎协定，正值地球经历1850年以来最热的一年（与此同时，美国加州正经历严重山火）。请问这次事件将对全球带来哪些影响？和2017年退出协定的情况有何异同？ A：美国再次宣布退出《巴黎协定》，这是一个深为冒犯的举动，因为这个国家对气候危机的贡献最大，却告诉世界其他国家需要解决由美国带来的混乱。然而，中国、印度、欧洲等国家正在应对气候变化，不是为了取悦美国，而是出于自身利益。他们将提供必要的领导，因为他们意识到洪水、干旱、极端高温和森林大火对它们构成重大威胁。此外，这些国家将气候行动视为实现绿色增长、更便宜的能源和更好生活的机会。 最终，特朗普政策的输家将是美国人民，他们不仅将经历更多像加州森林大火这样的气候影响，还将错过在太阳能、风能、电动汽车和电池等领域创造的经济和就业机会。美国将在经济和生态方面都成为输家。 Q：美国政策层面将再次优先传统能源，对新能源的鼓励正在大幅倒退。很多美国大型企业正在退出ESG框架，这对全球可持续发展目标SDGs，将带来哪些影响？ A：效果达不到预期，因为可再生能源现在已经成为全球最便宜的能源。十年前，从煤炭转向太阳能需要付出巨大的成本，但现在却是经济上的胜利。太阳能价格下降了90%，风能也下降了近乎相同比例。因此，可再生能源的推动力不取决于华盛顿，而是取决于市场。新世界(7.860, 0.04, 0.51%)是由通威、隆基和其他推动太阳能革命的公司创造的，而不是由气候谈判决定的。绿色转型可能会受到一定程度的减缓，但政治决策无法使其倒退。 此外，绝大多数美国人支持气候行动。像加利福尼亚和纽约这样的大州将继续采取行动，即使它们在ESG方面的承诺有所减少，企业很可能会继续朝着绿色方向发展。特朗普在他的第一任总统任期内未能阻止煤炭的下滑趋势。然而，对我们所有人来说，确保ESG成为推动企业变革的真正力量非常重要，而不是一种成本高昂、影响有限的官僚行为。 Q：中国是全球新能源市场和产业的最大领导者，您认为中国将发挥哪些作用？ A：中国是绿色转型中不可或缺的国家。2024年的数据令人惊讶。仅这一年，中国新增了280吉瓦的风力发电装机容量，这是美国作为第二大国家在其整个历史上建设的风力发电容量的两倍。中国占据了所有绿色投资的60%或更多——太阳能、风能、水电、电动汽车和电池、地铁以及高铁等。此外，中国是世界上最大的植树者，并在自然保护方面处于领先地位。 中国本身在绿色发展方面的飞速推进，以及“一带一路”倡议，使中国在全球领导地位上处于有利位置。但中国在领导全球政治进程方面的经验还不及美国，因此世界其他国家应鼓励中国加强领导地位并发挥更多作用。 Q：如果有机会，您想对特朗普总统说点什么？ A：总统先生！在您做出错误决定之前，请休假一周。带上梅拉尼娅，去中国最现代化的城市，如深圳、广州、杭州和上海等地参观。请观察中国的现代化和绿色发展。然后回国，利用您的权力将类似的高铁、现代化机场、清洁安全的地铁和太阳能带回美国。 1.The United States has once again announced its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement at a time when the Earth is experiencing its hottest year since 1850 （coinciding with severe wildfires in California）． What impact will this event have on the global community？ How does this situation compare to the circumstances surrounding the U.S． withdrawal from the agreement in 2017？ Its deeeply offensive that the nation which has contributed most to the climate crisis， tells the rest of the world that we need to fix the mess the US has been so critical in creating． However China， India， Europe and others are fighting climate change not to please the US but in their own interest． They will provide the necessary leadership as they understand floods， droughts， extreme heat and wildfires are major threats to them． Added these nations see climate action as an opportunity for green growth， cheaper energy and better lifes． At the end the loser from Trumps policy will be the people of the United States who will not only experience more climate effects like the wildfires in California but also miss economic opportunities and the jobs created in solar and wind energy， electric cars and batteries and more． US will be the loser both in economic and ecological terms． 2.The United States is once again prioritizing traditional energy sources at the policy level， while incentives for renewable energy are experiencing significant setbacks． Many large American companies are withdrawing from ESG frameworks． What impact will this have on the global Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） and sustainable development as a whole？ The effects will be less than expected because renewables are now the cheapest energies everywhere in the world． Turning from coal to solar was a huge cost ten years ago， now its an economic win． Solar has fallen 90% in price， wind nearly as much． So the drivers for renewables dont depend on Washington， but on markets． The new world is created by Tongwei， LONGi and all the other companies driving the solar revolution， not on climate talks． The green transformation can be slowed somewhat， but not be turned back， by political decisions． Added the vast majority of Americans support climate action． Big states like California and New York will continue to act and even if they scale down on ESG commitments， business is highly likely to continue to go green． Trump was not able to brake the downward slide of coal during his first presidency． It is however important for all of us to make sure ESG becomes a real force for business change， not a costly bureaucratic exercise with limited impact． 3.China is the largest leader in the global new energy market and industry． What role do you think China will play？ China is the indispensible nation in the green transformation． The new figures from 2024 are astonishing． China added 280 gigawatt of wind power in this one year alone， that is double as much as the the second nation， the US， has built in it’s existence． China is 60% or more of all green investments - solar， wind， hydro， electric cars and batteries， metros and high speed rail． Added China is the wolds largest tree planter and is leading on nature conservation． The breakneck speed of the green drive in China itself， as well as the Belt and Road initiative， positions China well for global leadership． China has however less experience than the US in leading global political processes so the rest of the world should encourage China to step up and lead more． 4.If given the opportunity， what would you like to say to President Trump？ Mr President！ Before you make wrong decisions， please take a week off． Bring Melanie and go on a tour of the most modern cities of China ， Shenzhen and Guangzhou， Hangzhou and Shanghai for example． Please watch the modernity of China and the green developments． Then return home and use your power to bring similar high speed rail， modern airports， clean and safe metros and solar power to the wonderful nation called the US．
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